Progress in research of economic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the research progresses of economic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies both at home and abroad, and provide reference for the economic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies using real word data in China. Methods: Literature retrieval was conducted for related papers published from January, 2020 to December, 2021 in Chinese and English databases, including the economic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination, and the results of the related literatures were narratively integrated. Results: A total of 16 English literatures (including 3 reviews) were included, and it was found that the COVID-19 vaccination was cost-effective or cost-saving regardless of the vaccine types, while the cost-effectiveness in different population and under different vaccination dose strategies varied due to vaccine efficacy, vaccine price, duration of natural immunity, duration of vaccination campaign, vaccine supply, and vaccination pace. Conclusions: China lacks suitable evidences of economic evaluation of COVID-19 vaccination strategies based on real-world data in the context of long-term epidemic. Therefore, further researches of suitable strategies of booster COVID-19 vaccination are needed.

Increased blood pressure variability predicts poor outcomes from endovascular treatment for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage / Aumento da variabilidade da pressão arterial prediz resultados ruins de tratamento endovascular para hemorragia subaracnóide aneurismática

ABSTRACT Background: Predictors of outcomes following endovascular treatment (ET) for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are not well-defined. Identifying them would be beneficial in determining which patients might benefit from ET. Objective: To identify the predictive factors for poor outcomes following ET for aSAH. Methods: 120 patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms underwent endovascular embolization between January 2017 and December 2018. Blood pressure variability was examined using the standard deviation of the 24-hour systolic blood pressure (24hSSD) and 24-hour diastolic blood pressure (24hDSD). Predictors were identified through univariate and multivariate regression analysis. All patients were followed up for three months. Results: At follow-up, 86 patients (71.7%) had good outcomes and 34 (28.3%) had poor outcomes. Patients with poor outcomes had significantly higher 24hSSD than those with good outcomes (19.3 ± 5.5 vs 14.1 ± 4.8 mmHg; P < 0.001). The 24hDSD did not differ significantly between patients with good outcomes and those with poor outcomes (9.5 ± 2.3 vs 9.9 ± 3.5 mmHg; P = 0.464). The following were significant risk factors for poor outcomes after endovascular embolization: age ≥ 65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 23.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0-175.9; P = 0.002); Hunt-Hess grade 3-4 (OR = 6.8; 95% CI: 1.1-33.7; P = 0.039); Fisher grade 3-4 (OR = 47.1; 95% CI: 3.8-586.5; P = 0.003); postoperative complications (OR = 6.1; 95% CI: 1.1-34.8; P = 0.042); and 24hSSD ≥ 15 mmHg (OR = 14.9; 95% CI: 4.0-55.2; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Elevated 24hSSD is a possibly treatable predictive factor for poor outcomes after ET for aSAH.

RESUMO Antecedentes: Fatores preditores de resultados após tratamento endovascular (TE) para hemorragia subaracnóide aneurismática (HSA) não estão bem definidos. Identificá-los seria útil para determinar quais pacientes podem se beneficiar de TE. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores preditivos de resultados ruins após TE para HSA. Métodos: 120 pacientes com aneurismas cerebrais rompidos foram submetidos à embolização endovascular entre janeiro de 2017 e dezembro de 2018. A variabilidade da pressão arterial foi examinada usando-se o desvio padrão da PA sistólica de 24 horas (DPPAS- 24h) e da PA diastólica de 24 horas (DPPAD-24h). Os fatores preditores foram identificados por meio de análises de regressão univariada e multivariada. Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados por três meses. Resultados: No acompanhamento, 86 pacientes (71,7%) tiveram bons resultados e 34 (28,3%) tiveram resultados ruins. Pacientes com resultados ruins apresentaram DPPAS-24h significativamente maior do que aqueles com bons resultados (19,3 ± 5,5 vs 14,1 ± 4,8 mmHg; P <0,001). O DPPAD-24h não diferiu significativamente entre os pacientes com bons resultados e aqueles com resultados ruins (9,5 ± 2,3 vs 9,9 ± 3,5 mmHg; P = 0,464). Os fatores de risco significativos para resultados ruins após embolização endovascular foram os seguintes: idade ≥ 65 anos (razão de probabilidade [OR] = 23,0; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC]: 3,0-175,9; P = 0,002); escala de Hunt-Hess 3-4 (OR = 6,8; IC 95%: 1,1-33,7; P = 0,039); escala de Fisher 3-4 (OR = 47,1; IC 95%: 3,8-586,5; P = 0,003); complicações pós-operatórias (OR = 6,1; IC 95%: 1,1-34,8; P = 0,042); e DPPAS 24h ≥ 15 mmHg (OR = 14,9; IC 95%: 4,0-55,2; P <0,001). Conclusão: O DPPAS 24h elevado é um fator preditivo possivelmente tratável para resultados ruins após TE para HSA.

Influence of three different anesthesia protocols on aged rat brain: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a promising method for the study of brain function. Typically, rs-fMRI is performed on anesthetized animals. Although different functional connectivity (FC) in various anesthetics on whole brain have been studied, few studies have focused on different FC in the aged brain. Here, we measured FC under three commonly used anesthesia methods and analyzed data to determine if the FC in whole brain analysis were similar among groups.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four male aged Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 in each group). Anesthesia was performed under either isoflurane (ISO), combined ISO + dexmedetomidine (DEX) or α-chloralose (AC) according to the groups. Data of rs-fMRI was analyzed by FC in a voxel-wise way. Differences in the FC maps between the groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc two-sample t tests.@*RESULTS@#Compared with ISO + DEX anesthesia, ISO anesthesia caused increased FC in posterior brain and decreased FC in the middle brain of the aged rat. AC anesthesia caused global suppression as no increase in FC was observed.@*CONCLUSION@#ISO could be used as a substitute for ISO + DEX in rat default mode network studies if the left temporal association cortex is not considered important.

Effects of MCC950 on cognitive function in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of Nod-like receptor protein 3 inhibitor MCC950 on cognitive function in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE).Methods Ninety adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly (random number) divided into three groups:the sham + saline group (n=20,sham group),CLP + saline group (n=35,CLP group),and CLP + MCC950 group (n=35,MCC950 group).SAE mouse model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery.Saline (10 mL/kg) or MCC950 (10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before surgery and on day 1,2,4 and 6 after surgery according the grouping.Seven days after surgery,six mice were taken from each group.Western blot was used to detect the hippocampal content of NLRP3,apoptosis-associated specklike protein (ASC),interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18.The number of NLRP3-positive cells in CA 1 region were detected by immunohistochemical analysis.The remaining mice in each group were used for open field and fear conditioning tests 14 days after surgery.One-way analysis of variance was used for inter-group comparison,and SNK-q test was used for pairwise comparison.A P value ＜0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Compared the MCC950 group with the CLP group,the freezing time of context test was significantly increased [(137±21) s vs (84±15) s,P=0.013],the hippocampal content of NLRP3,IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly reduced (P＜0.01),and the number of NLRP3-immunoreactive cells per mm2 in CA region were significantly decreased (23±5 vs 74±13,P＜0.01).There was no significant changes in protein level of ASC and results of open field tests (P＞0.05).Conclusions MCC950 administration can improve cognitive function in a mouse model of SAE,which is probably due to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18.

Carriage of drug resistance genes and homology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from respiratory intensive care unit / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate drug resistance genes and epidemic characteristics of β-lactamase carried by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in the respiratory intensive care unit(RICU) in a hospital.Methods Clinically isolated CRAB from RICU patients in October-December 2015 were collected.Five drug resistance genes (KPC-2,IMP,VIM,NDM-1,OXA-23) were specifically amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),amplified products were performed agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing analysis,the homology was analyzed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results A total of 22 CRAB strains were isolated in October-December 2015,19 (86.36％) of which were isolated from sputum.The resistance rate of 22 CRAB strains to compound sulfamethoxazole was 59.09 ％,resistance rate to minocycline was 9.09 ％,all were sensitive to polymyxin B,resistance rates to other antimicrobial agents were more than 80％.Three kinds of resistance genes KPC-2,IMP and NDM-1 were not found by PCR amplification,positive rates of VIM and OXA-23 were both 100％.PFGE homology analysis revealed that 22 strains were divided into 13 different types,each type contained 1-5 strains,9 types(69.23％) contained only 1 strain respectively,the other 4 types (30.77％) contained 2-5 strains.A5,A7,and A8;A9,A11,A14,A19 and A22;A4,A10 and A12;A16 and A18 were of the same type respectively.Conclusion The main types of β-lactamase-resistant genes of CRAB in RICU are VIM and OXA-23.Homology analysis shows a small parts are of the same clone strains,which reveals epidemic of a small scale.

CorreIation of retinaI vein occIusion with bIood Iipids and carotid artery changes / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AlM: To investigate the correlation of retinal vein occlusion ( RVO ) with blood lipids and carotid artery changes. · METHODS: Forty cases ( 40 eyes ) with RVO who presented to Eye Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University between May 2013 and April 2014 were selected as the research objects. Proceeded blood lipids and color doppler ultrasonography examination, including total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglycerides ( TG ) , high -density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , common carotid artery intima-media thickness, carotid plaques, internal carotid artery blood flow mechanics parameters were detected.Thirty eyes ( 30 cases ) were enrolled as control underwent above examinations. ·RESULTS:TC, TG, LDL-C of RVO group was obviously higher than those of the control group ( P0.05 ) . There were also no statistical difference between ipsilateral and contralateral carotid artery measured value of control group (P>0.05).There were no differences in age, sex between RVO group and control group (P>0.05). · CONCLUSlON: Lipid metabolism disorder, carotid artery changes is closely related to the pathogenesis of RVO.

Inhibitory effect of humanized anti-VEGFR-2 ScFv-As2O3-stealth nanoparticles conjugate on growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma: in vitro and in vivo studies

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the inhibitory effect of humanized anti-VEGFR-2 ScFv-As2O3-stealth nanoparticles conjugate on growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo, which may be a potential agents with sensitivity and targeting ability for human hepatocellular cancer.@*METHODS@#Humanized anti-VEGFR-2 ScFv-As2O3-stealth nanoparticles conjugate was previously constructed using ribosome display technology and antibody conjugate technology. In this combined in vitro and in vivo study, the inhibitory effects of anti-VEGFR-2 ScFv-As2O3-stealth nanoparticles conjugate on tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis was observed with human liver carcinoma cell line Bel7402 and normal cell L02 by MTT assay, Tanswell assay, Hochest33258 staining, and DNA ladder analysis. The anticancer activity and distribution of anti-VEGFR-2 ScFv-As2O3-stealth nanoparticles was then verified in a mouse model of Bel7402 xenografts.@*RESULTS@#Anti-VEGFR-2 ScFv-As2O3-stealth nanoparticles significantly inhibited the proliferation of Bel7402 in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay while had almost no effects on L02 cells. And the apoptosis inducing effects were proved by Hochest33258 staining and DNA ladder analysis. Transwell assay found that the drug also inhibited the metastasis ability of tumor cells. Furthermore, anti-VEGFR-2 ScFv-As2O3-stealth nanoparticles significantly delayed the growth of Bel7402 xenografts after administration (92.9%), followed by As2O3-stealth nanoparticles, anti-VEGFR-2 ScFv, and As2O3 (61.4%, 58.8%, 20.5%, P<0.05). The concentration of As2O3 in anti-VEGFR-2 ScFv-As2O3-stealth nanoparticles group was more selectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Anti-VEGFR-2 ScFv-As2O3-stealth nanoparticles is a potent and selective anti-hepatocellular carcinoma agent which could inhibit the growth of liver cancer as a targeting agent both in vitro and in vivo and also significantly inhibit angiogenesis.

Effect of stellate ganglion block on reconstruction of the left ventricle in spontaneously hypertensive rats / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the effect of stellate ganglion block on reconstruction of the left ventricle in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).@*METHODS@#Thirty-two 10-week-old male SHRs were randomly assigned into 4 groups: a left stellate ganglion block group (group LS), a right stellate ganglion block group (group RS), a captopril group (group D) and a control group (group C). The arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by ALC-NIBP measuring system. After 10 weeks, we observed the left ventricular mass index (LVMI), myocardial pathologic changes, and detected the endothelin (ET-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) level in the left ventricle by radioimmunoassay and the collagen protein level in the left ventricle by immunohistochemical method.@*RESULTS@#Compared with group LS and group C, the LVMI in group RS was lowered most notably (P<0.05) and pathological changes were improved obviously. The expression of eNOS in group RS was significantly increased and ET-1 significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with that in group C and group LS. The expression of type I collagen fibers in group RS was significantly lower and type III collagen fibers significantly higher (P<0.05) when compared with that in group C and LS.@*CONCLUSION@#Right stellate ganglion block can not only decrease the arterial pressure but also reverse the reconstruction of the left ventricle.

Effect of stellate ganglion block on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2/Bax protein in spontaneously hypertensive rats / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between apoptosis of myocardial cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax protein, and the protective effect of stellate ganglion block on apoptosis of myocardial cells.@*METHODS@#A total of 32 ten-week-old male SHRs were assigned randomly into 4 groups: a left stellate ganglion block group (group LS), a right stellate ganglion block group (group RS), a captopril group (group D) and a control group (group C). The arterial systolic blood pressure was measured by ALC-NIBP system. After 10 weeks, all rats were anaesthetized by 3% pentobarbital sodium, cardiomyocyte apoptosis index of left ventricle was assessed by TUNEL, and the localization of myocardium Bcl-2, Bax was investigated by immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#Compared with group LS and C, the apoptotic index decreased (P<0.05). SHR myocardial expression of Bcl-2 significantly increased (P<0.05), Bax expression significantly decreased (P<0.05) and Bcl-2/Bax was significantly higher (P<0. 05) in group RS.@*CONCLUSION@#Bcl-2 and Bax play an important role in the apoptosis of myocardial cells in SHRs. Right stellate ganglion block can reduce the apoptosis of myocardial cells and reverse the reconstruction of the left ventricle in SHRs via regulation of apoptosis-related gene proteins.

The infection status of Leptospira in rodents on the Heixiazi island of Heilongjiang province, China,in 2011 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the infection status of Leptospira in rodents on Heixiazi island Heilongjiang province in 2011.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 356 rodents were captured by night trap on the Heixiazi island from April to October 2011. The kidney tissue samples were collected by asepsis operation and the genomic DNA were extracted from them. Leptospira strains were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification of the 482 bp 23 S rDNA gene. Fifteen PCR products selected by the month were purified and sequenced by the methods of Sanger dideoxy, the sequences then compared with other Leptospira strains in Genebank, and phylogenetic analyses were drafted by software Mega 4.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 356 rodents, the dominant species were Clethrionomys rutilus (39.3%, 140/356) and Apodemus agrarius (36.0%, 128/356). The infection rate of Leptospira was 11.0%, with 39 rodent samples detected positive. All the rodent species were infected except for Rattus norvegicus. The infection rate was 9.4% (12/128) in Apodemus agrarius, 12.9%(18/140) in Clethrionomys rutilus, 10.8%(7/65) in Microtus fortis Buchner. No significant difference was found between the infection rate and the species of rodents by chi square test(χ(2) = 1.92, P > 0.05). Among months, the infection rate was 5.6% (4/72) in May, 8.8% (5/57) in June, 12.8% (5/39) in July, 9.8% (5/51) in August, 33.3% (11/33) in September, 22.5% (9/40) in October,but no infection in April. There was significant difference in infection in different months (χ(2) = 32.92, P < 0.05). All the Leptospira in rodents on the Heixiazi island were in the same phylogenetic branch with a high similarity of 97.1%-99.6%, close with the Australia strain U90865 by the similarity above 96.3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Leptospira is probably prevalent in rodents on the Heixiazi island, and the phylogene of the strains were similar. The infection rate in rodents was significantly different in months but not in hosts.</p>

Roles of targeting Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma / 药学学报

Ras is best known for its ability to regulate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Mutations in Ras are associated with the abnormal cell proliferation which can result in incidence of all human cancers. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a downstream effector of Ras and plays important roles in prognosis of tumors. Recently, evidence has gradually accumulated to demonstrate that there are other effectors between Ras and ERK, these proteins interact each other and constitute the thorough Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. The pathway has profound effects on incidence of esophageal carcinoma and clinical applications of some chemotherapeutic drugs targeting the pathway. Further understanding of the relevant molecular mechanisms of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway can be helpful for the development of efficient targeting therapeutic approaches which contribute to the treatment of esophageal cancer. In this article, roles of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in esophageal carcinoma as well as pharmacological targeting point in the pathway are reviewed.

Effects of stellate ganglion block on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two 10-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs) were assigned randomly into four groups: left stellate ganglion block group(Group LS), right stellate ganglion block group(Group RS), captopril group(Group D) and control group(Group C). Arterial systolic blood pressure(SBP) was measured, and endothelin (ET-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) in blood vessels were detected by radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with baseline value, the blood pressure of Group LS gradually increased significantly (P<0.05 or P <0.01); however, the blood pressure of Group RS was stable(P >0.05) and increased only at week 2(P <0.05).The blood pressure of Group D decreased significantly at week 2 and week 4, and it remained stable compared with baseline value (P<0.05). The blood pressure of Group C gradually increased at weeks 2-10, compared with baseline values (P <0.01). Compared with Group LS and Group C, the expression of eNOS in blood vessels of Group RS significantly increased (P <0.05), and ET-1 decreased (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The right stellate ganglion block can significantly lower blood pressure, down-regulate ET-1 and up-regulate eNOS protein expression.</p>

Comparative observation of microcirculation and tissue healing process in gastrointestinal anastomosis with apposition or inverted suturing / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare microcirculation and tissue healing process in gastrointestinal anastomosis with apposition or inverted suture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study was performed in adult rabbits. Animals were randomly assigned to two groups. In group A, small intestine was transected at 20 cm and 40 cm from duodenojejunal ligament and apposition sutures were performed at 20 cm and inverted sutures at 40 cm. In group B, transaction and anastomosis were at the same location with group A while the suturing method was reversed. Anastomotic microcirculation and number of capillary were observed in vivo with naked eyes to evaluate inflammatory response, collagen proliferation and healing of epithelium and smooth muscle in both groups at postoperative day 3, 7, 14 and 28.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In group A, tissue layers at the anastomosis were approximated tight and neat with mild inflammation and primary wound healing. In group B, displacement and poor alignment of layers were seen with severe inflammation and secondary wound healing. Low frequency of microcirculation was detected in group A at day 3, and blood flow velocity significantly increased at day 7. Blood flow velocity was close to normal at day 14 and completely restored to the normal level at day 28. Microcirculation was lower in group A than that in group B at each time point. There were more capillaries, lower number of inflammatory cells, less collagen proliferation, and better healing of anastomotic epithelium and smooth muscle in group A than group B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Apposition suturing is better than inverted suturing in restoring local anastomotic microcirculation and healing of intestinal tissues.</p>

Influence of resveratrol on the growth of Lewis lung carcinomas in mice and its underlying mechanism / 肿瘤

Objective: To explore the influence of resveratrol (Res) on the growth of Lewis lung carcinomas in mice and the corresponding mechanism. Methods: The Lewis lung carcinoma model was established in C57BL mice. Forty C57BL mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): control group, low-dose Res group (2.5 mg · kg-1 · d-1), middle-dose Res group (5 mg · kg-1 · d-1) and high-dose Res group (10 mg · kg-1 · d-1). Mice were given intragastrically with Res for 20 d. All mice were sacrificed on d 22 after inoculation. The volume and weight of tumors were recorded. Microvessel density (MVD) in tumor tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. The expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was examined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. The apoptotic index (AI) was determined by TUNEL assay. Results: The tumor growth was suppressed significantly in Res 5 mg and 10 mg · kg-1 · d-1 groups. The weights and volumes of Lewis lung carcinoma in both groups above were markedly decreased compared with control group (P 0.05). Conclusion: Res remarkably inhibites the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice by inhibiting expression of VEGF, reducing MVD, and promoting apoptosis.

Inhibitory effect of quercetin on cervix cancer in mice / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the antitumor effect and mechanism of quercetin on murine cervical carcinoma U14.@*METHODS@#The 615-strain mice with U14 cervical cancer cells were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control, a low-dose intervention group [1.5 g/(kg . d)], a middle-dose intervention group [3.0 g/(kg . d)], and a high-dose intervention group [6.0 g/(kg . d)]. Different treatments were inoculated intraperitoneally after 6 days of transplantation and all mice were sacrificed after 26 days. The weight of tumors and inhibitory rates were measured. The expression levels of microvessel density (MVD) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The apoptosis index (AI) was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay in situ (TUNEL).@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the tumor growth in the high-dose intervention group was suppressed significantly, and the weight and volume of the tumor were markedly decreased (P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Quercetin showed a marked inhibitive effect on U14 growth, and its antitumor mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis.

Regulatory effect of clearing-heat secreting-bile regulating-qi flow and activating blood circulation principle on cholecystokinin receptor / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the regulatory effect of clearing-Heat secreting-bile regulating-Qi flow and activating blood circulation (CSRA) principle on cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-R) and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cholecystokinin (CCK) in serum of portal venous blood, maximum binding capacity (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) of CCK-R levels in gallbladder of guinea pigs allocated in four groups (control, high cholesterol, natural recovery and treated groups) were determined using radioimmunoassay and radioligand receptor assay (RRA). At the same time, changes of fasting volume (FV) and postprandial volume (PV) of gallbladder, fasting and postprandial bile (FB and PB) in gallbladder, gallbladder contraction rate (GCR) and cholesterol concentration (CC) in bile were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, after two weeks of high cholesterol feeding, increase of FV, FB, PV, PB and CC (P < 0.05), and decrease of GCR (P < 0.01) and Bmax were found in cholesterol group, but with no significant change in Kd and CCK level. The above-mentioned criteria were restored to normal range in the treated group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CSRA principle could promote the recovery of gallbladder contraction by regulating CCK-R expression in it, its mechanism is possibly correlated with reduction of cholesterol concentration in bile.</p>